Tue, 28 Jan 2003 00:35:59 -0600
Mike Orr (Linux Gazette Editor)
Question by Subramanian Varadarajan (hi_subri from hotmail.com)
hai,
I am subbu and I encounterd this problem when i ran
make - filename.
How to fix this problem?Can you help me.
make: *** Warning: File `makefile.machine' has modification time in
the future (2003-01-28 07:07:00 > 2003-01-28 00:09:19)
make: Nothing to be done for `all'.
make: warning: Clock skew detected. Your build may be incomplete.
I guess that my real-time clock has set incorrectly. how to correct
it.
I appreciate your time.
thanks,
subbu
Ugly HTML had to be beaten up and reformatted.
Please send messages to The Answer Gang in text format.
-- Heather
[Mike]
The message means what it says: 'make' found a file that "was"
modified in the future. That may or may not be a problem, and if
it is, it may or may not be significant. Do you know by other
means whether 'makefile.machine' should have been updated? I.e., did you
modify any file related to it?
How did that file get on your machine in the first place? Did you
copy or untar it from another computer in a way that would have
preserved the foreign timestamp? If so, then the clock on the
other computer may be wrong.
To check your own computer's clock, see the 'date' and 'hwclock'
commands. 'date' shows and sets Linux's time; 'hwclock' shows and
sets the real-time clock. First set Linux's time correctly, then
use 'hwclock --utc --systohc' to reset the hardware clock.
If your hardware clock is pretty unreliable (as many are), you can
use 'hwclock --adjust' periodically (see "man hwclock"), run ntp
or chrony to synchronize your time with an Internet time server,
or put the kernel in "eleven-minute mode" where it resets the
hardware clock every eleven minutes. (Answer Gang, how do you
activate eleven-minute mode anyway?)
[Ben]
In the "hwclock" man page:
This mode (we'll call it "11 minute mode") is off until something turns it
on. The ntp daemon xntpd is one thing that turns it on. You can turn
it off by running anything, including hwclock --hctosys, that sets the
System Time the oldfashioned way.
You could try installing libdetect, and then running /usr/sbin/detect
(detect is also used by Mandrake). Aside from that, the only thing I can
suggest is filing bugs with Debian.
ppp over nullmodem cable - Linux client, win2k RAS server
Last month Linux Magazine (UK -
http://www.linux-magazine.com/issue/26/index_html) ran an article on
setting up Direct Cable Connections with NT. I'll send on the details
when I find where I left the magazine. You may try searching
http://linux-magazin.de since Linux Magazine is a translated version of
that.
Solution: stop using redhat, debian, mandrake kernels,
download a fresh kernel from kernel.org and build with
that.
The other answer, is to look in you Makefile, and
check the line beginning with "EXTRAVERSION=" If you
add your own name to that line, and run make, you
brand the kernel and modules with that name.
Hope that fixes your problem.
"Sean Shannon" <sean@dolphins.org>
Tue, 4 Feb 2003 10:48:20 -0500
The hardest part in compiling a kernel is making the ".config" file. Some
things to check:
modify the Makefile changing EXTRA VERSION variable (looks like you did
this since the 2.4.18custom directory is made)
make sure when you configure ( I use make menuconfig) that you select
"enable module support"
make sure to run "make dep" after "make menuconfig"
[Thomas Adams]
Yep -- good idea.
Are you sure that "make modules" and "make bzImage" completed
successfully?
[Thomas Adams]
Well, I usually do something like:
alias beep='echo -e "\a"'
make modules && for i in $(seq 10); do beep; done &&
make bzImage && for i in $(seq 10); do beep; done
here is the install procedure I use (System.map is a symbolic link,
RedHat 7.0, I use raid 1 disk device /dev/md0, you'll probably use
/dev/hda )
[Thomas Adams]
or /dev/sda if s/he has a SCSI
To install the new kernel:
Copy the new kernel and system map to the “boot” directory
[Thomas Adams]
Often called a "stanza". Be careful though. I'd be
more inclined to "label" this as "linux-test" so that
it doesn't infringe on the "old" version of the
kernel. Remember that up until this point, you're
still testing (a trial run) the new kernel.
[Thomas Adams]
Hmmm, deprecated. "Init 6" is a better way.
Reboot the system after the login prompt appears
Enter “alt-ctrl-del” key combination
Reboot performed because modules.dep is created on first boot (if not, try
running the "depmod" command manually then reboot)
[Thomas Adam]
Not necessary. "depmod" is ran through all of the init
levels on a modern Linux system......
Good luck.
Sean Shannon
[Jim Dennis]
Most of this can be automated down to just two lines:
make menuconfig
make clean dep bzImage modules modules_install install
... note the list of multiple targets all on one line.
Make install will look for an executable (usually a shell script)
named /sbin/installkernel (or even ~/bin/installkernel) and call
that with a set of arguments as documented in ... (/usr/src/linux)
arch/i386/boot/install.sh
Here's a relevant excerpt:
# Copyright (C) 1995 by Linus Torvalds
# Adapted from code in arch/i386/boot/Makefile by H. Peter Anvin
# "make install" script for i386 architecture
# Arguments:
# $1 - kernel version
# $2 - kernel image file
# $3 - kernel map file
# $4 - default install path (blank if root directory)
#
# User may have a custom install script
if [ -x ~/bin/installkernel ]; then exec ~/bin/installkernel "$@"; fi
if [ -x /sbin/installkernel ]; then exec /sbin/installkernel "$@"; fi
So this can put the approprite files into the appropriate places
and run /sbin/lilo or whatever is necessary on your system.
I like to copy .config into /boot/config-$KERNELVERSION
Also, in my case the script as to mount -o remount,rw /boot
since I normally keep /boot mounted in read-only mode.
The script remounts it back to ro mode after running /sbin/lilo.
For new kernels you can save some time in menuconfig by preceding
that make with:
cp /boot/config-$RECENTKERNELVERSION ./.config.old
make oldconfig
... which will set all the new config options to match any
corresponding settings in the old config. Then you can focus
on the new stuff in menuconfig.
Another useful tweak for some people is to edit ... (/usr/src/linux)
.../scripts/Menuconfig and find the single_menu_mode variable:
# Change this to TRUE if you prefer all kernel options listed
# in a single menu rather than the standard menu hierarchy.
#
single_menu_mode=
... for those that don't like to have to expend extra keystrokes
popping in and out of subsections of the menuconfig dialogs.
Sadly this particular featuer as changed (at least by 2.5.59)
with the inclusion of a new kconfig system (instead of menuconfig).
You can get a collapsible try of menu options in the new system
using: make menuconfig MENUCONFIG=single_menu
(However, it it starts with all branches collapsed. <grump!>
The point is, whether you use a variable or hardwire in an address, you
need to specify both sides of the forwarding connection. Also note that
the two examples selected a different port to play on, but the principle
is the same. I hope that leaving both examples in makes it all clearer
to readers.
-- Heather
Jim Kielman <jimk@midbc.com>
05 Feb 2003 23:30:27 -0800
I ran into a similar problem with a client that had to have PCAnywhere
access to one of the computers on his network. My solution was to use
"ipmasqadm portfw" to forward the ports PCAnywhere needed to access. The
server is running Debian potato with a stock 2.2.20 kernel. Here is what
I use:
Note we're pointing to his gathered list of numerous "integrated
development ennvironments" - the previous entry pointed to his
description answering that (1) yes we have them, lots and lots; and
(2) that if you think you're seeking one, you should make sure you
are solving the right problem first.
-- Heather
Key Remapping....
Thu, 30 Jan 2003 13:37:20 -0800
Mike Orr (Linux Gazette Editor)
Question by James Scott (jscott from sangoma.com)
Is it possible to remap the <tab> key to another key on the keyboard?? One
of my co-workers has a broken left pinky and is going insane not being able
to use the tab key to complete commands.
I done a fair amount of searching to no avail... any help would be greatly
appreciated.
[Mike]
Grr, I just read yesterday about somebody turning Scroll Lock into another
Escape key, now where was it...?
You can remap any key using the "loadkeys", "showkey" (singular) and "dumpkeys"
commands. That's on the console. You have to do additional steps for X. See
the Keyboard and Console HOWTO
Sun, 2 Feb 2003 10:21:46 +0100
Ben Okopnik (the LG Answer Gang)
Question by Huibert Alblas (huibert_alblas from web.de)
I was desperatly trying to use my palm with the evolution mailer, recompiled everything but the kitchen sink to get Gnome2 and Gnome1.4 capplets and applets totlaly mixed up in the end, it was working, but gnome was broken, so now I'm repairing Gnome2, and then try to write the apropriate spells for my Paml connetion
Halb uses the Sorceror distro, which refers to compiling its scripts and
packages as "casting spells".
-- Heather
[Ben]
I've found the "appropriate spells" for the Palm - for my M-125 with the
USB cable, at least - to be "jpilot" and "coldsync". "jpilot" is really
well done, except for the selection interface in the "Install" menu
(select a file, click "Add". Select next file, click "Add". And so on
for, say, 50 files.) "coldsync" works at a lower level - it's great for
reinitializing user info, a quick install with or without synching,
and generally tweaking Palm comms. As an example, among the files that I
carry on the Palm, I have The Moby Shakespeare collection (all of The
Bard in one file) and Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire",
volumes 1-6; both rather large (~5MB). "jpilot" refused to load them
(segfaulted). So did my brother's Wind*ws Palm desktop. "coldsync",
however, when used with the "slow sync" option, managed it just fine.
KDE's palm app, though, is severely broken (to its credit, it mentions
that in the initial screens); it hosed my Palm so hard that I had to do
a hard reset, and re-init the user (another thing that "jpilot" couldn't
handle.)
Yes, well thanks for the info, Jpilot and stuff works like a charm (Palm M105 the small one), but I wanted to Sync my mailadresses in evolution........ wich is based upon gnome 1.4 (c)applets, which are horible to get to play nice with the Gonme2.0 install.
For those of you who don't know, ratpoison is a light (very light) window
manager. (http://ratpoison.sourceforge.net). The basic scheme is to have all
apps fullscreen, using screen-like key bindings to switch between windows.
I've been using it for about an hour or so now (Hint: Look at the
sample.ratpoisonrc in the doc directory. Don't end up hacking the source code
to change the prefix key like I did.), and I'm liking it. The best thing, of
course, is the tons of screen real estate you get without any window title
bars, borders, etc.
If you like doing everything with the keyboard or you want tons of screen real
estates, give ratpoison a whirl.
You owe the Oracle a better understanding of why subverting the SysVInit
architecture is fundamentally a bad idea in the first place.
recording sounds on linux for windows
Wed, 19 Feb 2003 02:19:49 +0800
Huibert Alblas (huibert_alblas from web.de)
Question by 50258246 (50258246 from student.cityu.edu.hk)
Hi!i'm rayho, i would like to ask how to receive sound from the microphone and
then transmit the sound from the linux os to the window os system.Also,I'm not
understand where the sound source is stored in which file in the linux os and
what hardware and software do i need to do this transmition.Thankyou for your
help!!
[Halb]
Hi there,
This may sound a bit simple but I would do it like this:
record your sound with anything that works (grecord or something)
save as any file format you like (wav, mp3, ogg)
copy this file over to the windoze box (samba)
play file on windows (media-player, realplayer,..)
needed Hardware:
2 pc with networking cards (rj45, Wlan,..)
microphone
loudspeakers (? I looked this one up in dict.leo.org)
needed software:
Linux (any flavour you like)
Windoze
On the other hand, you might not want to transport single files, but want to do some kind of Internet audio broadcasting or something. You might want to look into
However as it a bit advanced for a newbie's howto I did
not include it. i am forwarding it to you.
Regards
Raj
[C.R. Bryan III]
Subject: Doing Things in GNU/Linux
Good stuff
Something I can put on a firewall
machine when I put it onsite (since I leave Apache
in for a status.cgi page anyway)
In the section "Terminating Misbehaving Programs":
If the afflicted machine is on a network with
another Linux machine, or a Windows machine with
PuTTY, there are additional steps that can be taken
before hitting the Big Red Two-by-Four switch. (My
network runs RHL 6.2 on older boxes, old as in P133,
so I get practice in this every time Netscape walks
into a Java site and freezes.)
Shell into the afflicted machine.
Use ssh if you've got it, telnet otherwise. If VNC
is installed at both ends, maybe you can use that.
Just because the local desktop is frozen doesn't
always mean that all desktop functioning is frozen.
If the machine won't log you in, obviously it's
game-over, so at that point you have to reset the
box. Often, though, especially on older boxen, it's
just X that's either frozen or in a really deep
thrashing session, and you can get a shell prompt.
Root-to-root ssh is most convenient.
Get root on the afflicted box with su.
Try to kill off just the program that's freezing
things, and try to do it nicely.
a. If you can get X apps to forward, or you can get
a VNC window open, you can bring up kpm (the KDE
process manager), which, with all the information
presented, allows you to pinpoint just the app to
kill with a right-click. Try several times to get it
to go away, starting with Hangup, then Terminate,
then Kill. The more of a chance you give the program
to clean up its exit, the less garbage you'll leave
lying around in the system.
b. If you know the name of the program that has
gotten hung, and only one instance of it is running,
use killall. Let's assume for example that it's
netscape:
Killall does just that, kills off every instance of
a program that it finds. That's appropriate for
netscape, since it has a session-manager core which
is usually the part that's locked up. If you've got
a dozen xterms open, and ytree running in half of
them, though, killing off every ytree might not be
what you want; often, it's the helper-app that ytree
launched that's frozen up (lynx, for instance) and
you can killall that.
c. Use top and other shell tools to zero in on which
process to kill, then use kill.
(Here I don't have that much experience: when I need
to use top and kill, it's on a firewall without X,
where all the running processes fit in an xterm/ssh
window, so it's simple to fish out the pid to kill.)
If it won't kill, or you can't figure out who to
kill, or things just seem hosed at the X level, as
long as you can get root on a shell command-line,
you can tell it:
# init 3;init 5
...and that'll do what ctrl-alt-bs would do, restart
X to a graphic login. Your underlying filesystem
will have cores and DEADJOEs left lying around from
the X-level programs that had to abort, but you
won't have to fsck everything on a dirty boot.
If you think you might have stuck ports and locks from
the killed X-level processes, and the machine
doesn't have duties that would prevent it, or if X
won't come back up, you can do a clean reboot to put
things back in order, probably in less time than
it'd take to find and free the stuck resources...
# shutdown -r now
That'll take down the X level, giving the X programs
a chance to clean up after themselves, then the rest
of the machine, and your filesystem will be
unmounted and rebooted cleanly.
Bottom line: if you can shell or VNC into the frozen
machine, there are things you can do to avoid losing
data in the innocent processes you're running in X
or corrupting your filesystem. You can even do some
of these things from Windows if you have the right
tools (telnet, ssh, PuTTY, VNC), as long as you have
two or more machines on the same network.
How much of this you think might be appropriate to a
newbie-help, I don't know, but that's my experience,
anyway
Great how you tackled this problem. I have a simple Sounblaster 16 card.
This card (with this chipset) appeared to be multichannel.
I play online games on the internet (Tribes2) and we use for communication a
voice communication program (Teamspeak2). I also want to hear the sound of
the game. Teamspeak2 is able to use a different channel (dsp0/dsp1).
So i adress the gamesound to dev/dsp1 and the voice communication to
/dev/dsp0. I couldn't get it working with alsa drivers, but others with
different soundcards can. So i used the OSS driver. It works great with only
one soundcard.
If a program only wants to adress the default /dev/dsp (dsp0) and you want to
let it use /dev/dsp1 you can change the link /dev/dsp --> /dev/dsp1
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make in future? I'm confused *now*